Shayari on Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Part 2

( Continued from previous post dated, Friday, April 13, 2012, Shayari on Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Part 1 Please see that post for more shayari )

होसला बुलंद रखेंगे तो

वक्त भी रुक जायेगा…. !

कहते थे मेरे बाबासाहेब

अगर एक साथ रहोगे तो

इन्सान क्या चीज है…!

तुम्हारे आगे आसमान

भी झुक जायेगा....!

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भारतरत्न महामानव बोधिसत्व डॉ. भिमराव आंबेडकर की १२५ वि वर्षगांठ के अवसर पर आप सभी को दिलसे बहोत बहोत शुभकामनाएं ।

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कभी कम ना होंगी तारीफें आपकी,
हमारी सारी पिढिया आपको नतमस्तक होंगी ।
"जय भिम" का यह नारा,
पुरी दुनिया में बुलंद करेगी ।

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हमला चाहे जैसा होगा,
हाथ हमारा नहीं उठेगा।
हम भिम - बुद्ध के अनुयायी हैं,
कलम हमारी पहचान है ।
हिंसा हमारा "धम्म" नहीं
हम भिम - बुद्ध के अनुयायी हैं ।

................................................................................................

मेरे भिम का लिखा पढ़ेगा,
तो खून खौल जाएगा।
सच्चा "देशभक्त" कोन,
ये सच तु समझ जाएगा।

................................................................................................

तेरे "अधिकार" की बात,
न तिलक ने की न गांधी ने की।
वो हम सब का बाप भिमराव आंबेडकर था,
जिसने  "समान - अधिकार" की बात की।

................................................................................................

स्वतंत्रता क्या होती है?
समानता क्या होती है?
स्वाभिमान क्या होता है?
जीना क्या होता है?
यह तो सिर्फ मेरे "भिमने" बताया ,
स्वतंत्रतासे समानता और स्वाभिमान से जीना  क्या होता है।

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दारू पिउन सडलास रे तु ,
प्रज्ञा - शील - करूणा
विसरलास रे तु .
लाज वाटुदे "जय भिम" म्हणतांना ,
जुगारात स्वाभिमान हरलास रे तु .


माझ्या "काही" समाज बांधवांनो  दारू-जुगार सोडा.
तो पैसा शिक्षणात-पुस्तकात खर्च करा.


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पंचशीलाचे पालन करू ,
अष्टांग मार्गाने पुढे चालू  .
तथागताच्या विचाराने,
सारा भारत  "बुद्धमय" करु.

जय भिम  जय बुद्ध  जय भारत



-----> उपरोक्त सभी मेरी सोच ओर मेरी खुदकी लिखावट हैं।


                                                                                                                                       आपका दोस्त ,
                                                                                                                                    कुणाल अर्जुन मोरे 



जय भिम  जय बुद्ध  जय भारत


कोई चीखकर चला गया,
कोई चील्लाकर चला गया,
तो कोई स्कूलमे सबक सीखकर चला गया |
अरे "रामजी का बेटा"स्कूल के बाहर रहा
और
पूरे भारत की तकदीर लीखकर चला गया ।
 जय भीम

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कोणी म्हणतोय ठाण्याचा राजा
कोणी म्हणतोय  पुण्याचा राजा
तर कोणी म्हणतोय लालबाग चा राजा
अरे आम्ही म्हणतो
ज्याचा
साऱ्या
जगात
गाजावाजा
"भीमराव एकच राजा"


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दणका दिला कोर्टान,
दार उघडलं देवान ,
एक ही पुरूष नव्हता महिलांच्या बाजुनं,​​​​
कोर्टात उत्तर दिल सरकारनं

कारण,
घटनेत समान अधिकार दिलाय
"माझ्या   भिमानं"
................................................................................................

"डोळ्यातुन निघणार्या अश्रुनां आज मुभा आहे,कारण प्रत्येक गरिबाच्या मागे माझा भीम खंबीरपणे उभा आहे…
 जय भिम

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मला डोक्या वरती ना ताज पाहिजे,
ना दुनिया वरती राज पाहिजे,
मला फ़क्त येत्या  14 एप्रिल ला माझा सारा समाज एक पाहिजे.
         🙏 जय भीम 🙏

​................................................................................................

गिरे हुवे को जिन्होंने स्वाभिमान सिखाया था,
जिन्होंने हम सब को तुफान से टकराना, सिखाया था,
देश का था वो अनमोल रत्न जो बाबासाहेब  केहलाया था।


जय भिम

....................................................................................................

चांद की चांदनी

ने  हमे जय भीम 

कर के सुलाया है ।

सुबह की हवाओ ने 

हमे जय भीम कर के जगाया है ।

क्यू झुकाये अपना सिर

किसी पत्थर के सामने? 

क्यूकी मेरे बाबा साहब ने       

स्वाभिमान से जीना सिखाया है ।             

🙏जय भीम🙏

Ulhas Nikam - My writing: येरे आता तरी येरे.....।

Ulhas Nikam - My writing: येरे आता तरी येरे.....।: येरे आता तरी येरे.....। रातीचा पत्या न्हाई, दिस आला डोई, हाडाच घर ही हे भार झालया भुई, बस कर बाप्पा आता सईन व्हत न्हाई, पाण्याचा ...

DR. BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR AND WOMEN'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT IN INDIA

थी शुद्र तु ,
न जीनेका था अधिकार तुझे ।
पैदा होना तेरा यहा ,
बोझ समझा गया तुझे ।


था वो ज्योतिबा फुले सचमे " महात्मा ",
जो छेडी जंग इस समाज से ,
देने तेरे अधिकार तुझे ।


मनु ने बनाया था गुलाम तुझे ,
छीने थे सारे अधिकार तेरे ।


पहली बार कानुनी ,
जीने का स्वाभिमान का अधिकार,
मेरे " भीम " ने हे दिया तुझे ।


आज मंदिर मे तू ,
पढ - लिखकर सारी दुनिया मे छायी तू ,
मत भूल तू " फुले - आंबेडकर " को ,
स्वाभिमान जगाया है तुझमे ।
थी शुद्र तु ,
न जीनेका था अधिकार तुझे ।


--------- Written By, कुणाल अर्जुन मोरे






Today’s problem of women has its origin in the vedic times. Women those days were considered inferior to women. They were equated with the Shudras/ati-shudras, (varna system) of the vedic religion. Women were not considered fit for spiritual attainment as they were not allowed to read Vedas. All the law books of Hindus have very distinctly written about their degraded status. Few verses from these Hindu law books are mentioned here. There are many a verses in the Vedas, Smritis, Puranas etc., which are very derogatory and obscene in nature and are avoided here:

“Let a female child be born somewhere else; here let a male child be born”
-Atharva Veda 6.2.3

“The nature of women is like that of the hyena”
-Rig Veda X.95.10

“Women have no right to study Vedas”
-Manu Smriti IX 3

“It is the highest duty of the woman to immolate herself after her husband”
-Brahma Puran. 80.75

“If a wife, proud of the greatness of her relatives or (her own) excellence, violates the duty which she owes to her lord, the king shall cause her to be devoured by dogs in a place frequented by many”
-Manu Smriti VIII 371

“In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to the sons; a woman must never be independent.”
-Manu Smriti V.148

“Shudra dhol pashu nari ye hai sub tadan ke adhikari ( Shudras, drum, animal and women deserve beating)”
-Ram Charita Manas






The main reason for the suffering of women even today is the grant of low grade status to women in the law books of Hindu religion, like Vedas, Puranas, Manu Smritis, Bhagwad Geeta, Ram Charita Manas etc. Though these law books are superceded by the CONSTITUTION OF INDIA in the last 67 years legally, the Hindu shastras STILL control the mindsets of the people.


Through the CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, as the chairman of the constitution drafting committee, DR. BHIMRAO AMBEDKAR was instrumental in granting equal status to all the citizens irrespective of sex, religion etc. Thus the women, contrary to their low status as per Hindu law books, were for the FIRST TIME GOT EQUAL SATATUS LAWFULLY.


HINDU CODE BILL
The next landmark, pioneering work, which Dr. Ambedkar did was the “Hindu Code Bill”. He introduced this bill in the parliament on the promise from Jawaharlal Nehru that the bill will be passed as it is. He basically prepared this bill to empower women by way of giving property rights and giving rights in many other matters like marriage, adoption, divorce etc. However the orthodox Arya Brahmins who had the MINDSETS OF Manu Smriti did not allow this bill to be passed in parliament as it is. This bill was so dear to Dr. Ambedkar that he resigned from the Govt. in protest against the dropping of the bill. After his resignation, the bill was passed in bits and pieces.
The property rights section was immediately passed. This itself was a landmark in empowering women. THE ENTIRE CREDIT for this goes to DR. AMBEDKAR. The other sections of the Hindu Code Bill were passed in the form of following acts:
Hindu Marriage Act 1955
Hindu Succession Act 1956
Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act 1956
Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956


Inspite of the legal equality status provided by the CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, women in India are still being exploited in the society. If this problem of exploitation of women in our society has to be solved permanently, then a crusade against the law books of Hindu religion is required until it is wiped out from the minds of the people in India. This is the way forward for the women’s liberation movement.




(Data is collected from:- http://www.mulnivasibahujanbharat.org/MBBENG/15-Apr-2001/women.htm )




Heartfully thanks to Mr. Raju Kamble (Abu Dhabi) for sharing this most important information.


JAI BHIM. JAI MULNIVASI

Educational Biography of Dr B. R. Ambedkar.

Educational Biography of Dr B. R. Ambedkar

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (MA., Ph.D., M.Sc., D.Sc., Barrister-at-Law, L.L.D., D.Litt)

1. Elementary Education, 1902 Satara, Maharashtra

2. Matriculation, 1907, Elphinstone High School, Bombay Persian etc.,

3. Inter 1909, Elphinstone College,BombayPersian and English

4. B.A, 1913, Elphinstone College, Bombay, University of Bombay, Economics & Political Science

5. M.A, 1915 Majoring in Economics and with Sociology, History Philosophy, Anthropology and Politics asthe other subjects of study.

6. Ph.D, 1917, Columbia University conferred a Degree of Ph.D.

7. M.Sc, 1921 June, London School of Economics, London. Thesis - ‘Provincial Decentralization of Imperial Finance in British India’

8. Barrister-at- Law 30-9-1920 Gray’s Inn, London Law
(1922-23, Spent some time in reading economics in the University of Bonn in Germany.)

9. D.Sc 1923 Nov London School of Economics, London ‘The Problem of the Rupee – Its origin and its solution’ was accepted for the degree of D.Sc. (Economics).

10. L.L.D (Honoris Causa) 5-6-1952 Columbia University, New York For HIS achievements, Leadership and authoring the constitution of India

11. D.Litt (Honoris Causa) 12-1-1953 Osmania University, Hyderabad For HIS achievements, Leadership and writing the constitution of India.

http://m.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/8yearold-dalit-girl-raped-killed-in-bihar/article4218550.ece/

Shameful: Discrimination with Dalit kids during Mid Day Meals, Sometimes food is almost thrown at his plate from a distance.

http://www.indianexpress.com/news/swallowing-the-humiliation/1043466/

Quotes on Babasaheb Ambedkar

My definition of democracy is - A form and a method of Government whereby revolutionary changes in the social life are brought about without bloodshed. That is the real test. It is perhaps the severest test. But when you are judging the quality of the material you must put it to the severest test.

On 26th Jan. 1950,India will be an independent country. What would happen to her independence? Will she maintain or will she lose it again? This is the first thought that comes to my mind.It is not that India was never an independent country. The point is that she once lost the independence she had. Will she lose it a second time? It is this thought which makes makes me most anxious for the future. What perturbs me greatly is the fact that not only India has once beforelost her independence, but she lost it by treachery of some of her own people...
Will history repeat itself ?It is this thought which fills me with anxiety. This anxiety is deepened by the realization of the fact that in addition to our old enemies in the form of castes &creeds, we are going to have many political parties with diverse & opposing political creeds. Will Indians place the country above their creed or creed above their country? I do not know, But this much is certain that if the parties place creed above country, our independence will be put in jeopardy a second time & probably be lost forever. This eventuality we all must resolutely guard against. We must be determined to defend our independence with the last drop of our blood!

-Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.

We are Indians, firstly and lastly.
B. R. Ambedkar




Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.
B. R. Ambedkar


Religion must mainly be a matter of principles only. It cannot be a matter of rules. The moment it degenerates into rules, it ceases to be a religion, as it kills responsibility which is an essence of the true religious act.
B. R. Ambedkar




For a successful revolution it is not enough that there is discontent. What is required is a profound and thorough conviction of the justice, necessity and importance of political and social rights.
B. R. Ambedkar




A people and their religion must be judged by social standards based on social ethics. No other standard would have any meaning if religion is held to be necessary good for the well-being of the people.
B. R. Ambedkar

Democracy is not merely a form of Government. It is primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience. It is essentially an attitude of respect and reverence towards our fellow men.

A democratic form of Government presupposes a democratic form of a society, The formal framework of democracy is of no value and would indeed be a misfit if there was no social democracy. It may not be necessary for a democratic society to be marked by unity, by community of purpose, by loyalty to public ends and by mutuality of sympathy. But it does unmistakably involve two things. The first is an attitude of mind, and attitude of respect and equality towards their fellows. The second is a social organisation free from rigid social barriers. Democracy is incompatible and inconsistent with isolation and exclusiveness resulting in the distinction between the privileged and the unprivileged.

Democracy is not a Form of Government, but a form of social organisation.

What are we having this liberty for? We are having this liberty in order to reform our social system, which is full of inequality, discrimination and other things, which conflict with our fundamental rights.
B. R. Ambedkar

Shayari on Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

गरज उठे गगन सारा,

समुन्दर छोडें आपना कीनारा,
हिल जाए जहान सारा,
जब गूंजे "जय भीम" का नारा।

जय भीम

Kar gujar gaye wo bhim the!
Duniya ko jagane wale bhim the!!
Hamne to sirf itihas padha hai yaro !!!
Itihas ko banane wale mere bhim the!!!!

................................................................................................

Desh k liye jinhonene vilas ko thukraya tha,
Gire huon ko jinhonene Swabiman Sikhaya tha,
Jisne hum Sabko Toofano se takrana sikhaya tha
Desh ka tha anmol wo deepak jo “Baba Saheb” Kehlaya tha.
Aaj Uski Baato ko hum Dil se apnayenge..

JAY BHIM

................................................................................................

SIr uncha uthakar jina sikhaya mere Bhim ne
Shiksha ka mahatwa samjhaya mere bhim ne
Julm ke khilaf sangharsh karna sikhaya mere Bhim ne,
Aaj mai bahot uncha utha hun,
Mujhe uncha uthaya mere Bhim ne

Jaibhim.

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NIND APNI KHOKAR JAGAYA HUMKO,
AANSU APNE GIRAKAR HASAYA HUMKO,
KABHI MAT BHULNA US MAHAAN INSAAN KO,
JAMANA KEHTA HAIN” BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR “JINKO

JAI BHIM
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Om Bolne Se Man Ko Shanti Milti Hai,
Sai Bolne Se Man Ko Shakti Milti Hai,
Ram Bolne Se Paapon Se Mukti Milti Hai,

Lekin ‘JAI BHIM’ Bolne Se Insaan Ko Insaan Ki Pehechan Milti Hai…
Aise Mere Babasaheb Ki Vani Hai!

NAMO BUDDHAYA! JAI BHIM! !

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Bhim jaisa suraj agar nikala na hota , hum dalito ka jivan me ye ujala na hota, mar gaye hote uhi julm sahkar agar hame bhim jaisa rakhwala mila na hota.,…
JAY BHIM



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Yugon se shapit manav ko badal diya vardano me, 

hin dino ke ansu tumhi ne badle hai muskano me.

"Mahamanavala vinamra Abhivadan.

Jai Bhim







................................................................................................

 Bhimrao majha janmas aala garib khalchya tharaat..,
pan mothya mothyanchi kadhli thane varaat...
mothya mothyanchi kadhli varat.

Jai Bhim



 ................................................................................................

Jithe MAJHA SAMAAJ ekrup,
Tithe majhya BHIMACHA STUP>

Jai Bhim
................................................................................................

Mi jari PAISHANE garib aslo tari kaay jhale...
pan mi JAATIN khup shrimant aahe...
karan MI "BUDDHIST" "JAI BHIM" wala aahe.

Jai Bhim


................................................................................................

HAM jab chalte he to dekhne walonka DIL machal jaata he,
HAM jab thehrate he to TOOFAN bhi theherta he,
HAME badalneki KOSHISH bhi mat karna har DIN,
kyonki HAM jab BADALTE he to,
saara ITIHAAS badal jaata he.

Jai Bhim


................................................................................................

“JISPE CHALTA RAHEGA YE BHARAT SADAA, 
PANNE-PANNE PE WO (DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR) RASTAA LIKH DIYA”
"HIND KE SARJAMI PAR MERE DOSTO 
EK ITHAAS BHIM-NE NAYAA LIKH DIYA"....

................................................................................................


 Bhim jaisa suraj agar nikala na hota,

hum dalito ka jivan me ye ujala na hota,

 mar gaye hote uhi julm sahkar,

agar hame BHIM jaisa rakhwala milana hota.…JAY BHIM





................................................................................................


Karuni jyaan jivachi raan,

dila sarv sanmanacha maan,

ashi majhya BHIMACHI SHAAN,

bhalya-bhalyanchi jhukte Maan...

JAI BHIM 


................................................................................................


ना छुरी रखता हुं
ना पिस्तौल रखता हुं
 "जय भिम" का बेटा हुं
दिल में जिगर रखता हुं.!
इरादों मे तेज़ धार रखता हुं
इस लिए हमेशा
अकेला ही निकलता हु.!!
ये आवाज नही शेर कि दहाड़ है…..
हम खडे हो जाये तो पहाड़ है।
जय भिम


................................................................................................................................................

" ढाल" तोडुन वार करते तिला "तलवार" म्हणतात,
"पेशव्या" चे मुडके जे कापतात त्यान्हा "महार" म्हणतात,
भारतात एकच " वाघ " होऊन गेला त्याला "भिमराव" म्हणतात.
मानाचा कडक
निळा भडक
" जय भिम "



................................................................................................

हवा वेगाने
नव्हती हवेपेक्षाही त्यांचा वेग
होता....
अन्याया विरूध्द
लढण्याचा त्यांचा इरादा नेक
होता...
असा रामजी बांबाचा लेक
भिमराव आंबेडकर लाखात
नाही तर जगात एक होता...
Jai Bhim

................................................................................................

फूलो की कहानी बहारो ने लिखी...
रातो की कहानी सितारों ने लिखी...
हम नहीं है किसी के गुलाम...
क्योंकि हमारी जिंदगी,
बाबासाहब जी ने
लिखी!!
जय भिम !


................................................................................................


 सागराचे पाणी कधी आटणार नाही
"बाबांची" आठवण कधी मिटणार
नाही...
हा जन्म काय, हजार जन्म
झाले तरी,
नाद हा "भिमजयंतीचा" सुटणार नाही.
जय भिम.






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 भिमजयंती की शुभकामनाएं



" डोळ्यांमधून कोसळणाऱ्या आसवांना आज मुभा आहे .....
कारण " बाबासाहेब " तुमच्यामुळेच मी आज स्वाभिमानाने उभा आहे ."

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देऊ गगणात जय भीमचा नारा।
करून टाकू भारत बुद्धमय सारा।
येणाऱ्या भीम जयंतीला एकत्र येऊ समाज सारा।
दाखऊन देऊ मनुवद्याला भिमाचा दरारा।।।

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कोणालाही जमणार नाही,
अशी क्रांती करून दावली....
जातीयवाद्याला देऊन टक्कर,
चवदार ओंजळ भरून दावली ..
निसर्ग नियमाप्रमाणे,
पाणी आग विझवते.
पण माझ्या भिमाने तर
पाण्यालाच आग लावली ...!!!
जय भिम


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सजली अवघी धरती पाहण्या तूमची किर्ती, बाबासाहेब तूम्ही येणार  म्हटल्यानं नसानसात भरली स्फुर्ती .
                                             "BHIMJAYANTI 125"
                                                     Jay Bhim


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सागराचे पाणी कधी आटणार नाही।
भिमाची आठवण कधी मिटणार नाही।
अरे एकच जन्म काय हजार जन्म घेतले तरी
 आपल्याकडून बाबासाहेबांचे उपकार कधी फिटनार नाही
।।।।। जय भिम ।।।।


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नीले अर्श पर नीली घटा छायी है .... तेरे करम से बुद्ध की दौलत पायी है....
कोई नही पराया सारे भाई भाई है...
मिल जुलकर रहने मै सबकी भलाई है...
छोड्दो अपना पराया ए जय भिमवालो...
दिल से दिल मिलाने ये भिम जयंती आयी है...
     जय भिम  

मुंबई : फ़क्त 43 ते 45% मतदान...?

मुंबई : फ़क्त  43 ते  45%  मतदान...?
उद्या  हेच  57% विचारतील की नेते लोक काहीच करत नाहित.
मतदान करायची दानत नसताना दुस्र्यांवर आरोप करण्याचा यान्हा कोंताच अधिकार नाही.
बदल घड़वयाच्या गोष्टी फ़क्त बोलता येतात पण प्रत्यक्षात कोणीच पुढे येताना दिसत नाही.
उद्या हेच लोक आन्दोलनामधे लोकशाही बद्दल बोलताना दिसतील. कोण हक्क देणार यांना..?
यान्हा नेत्यांबद्दल काहीही बोलण्याचा अधिकार नाही.

 

Salient Features of Indian Constitution

Salient Features of Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution

Salient Features of Indian Constitution:

Salient features of the Indian constitution set it apart from the political documents as it reflects the aspirations of a newly independent country. The Indian constitution is the lengthiest constitution in the world.
 The Indian constitution represents the vision and values of its founding fathers and is based on the social, political and economic ethos as well as, the faith and aspiration of the people. The Constitution of India was made by a Constituent Assembly which was specially convened to frame the Constitution of the country. The Constituent Assembly was set up under the cabinet Mission Plan of May 16, 1946.
The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest one comprising of 395 Articles divided into 22 parts and 9 Schedules. It is a detailed document in which the functions of the Legislative, Executive and Judicial organs both at the Centre and in the States have been elaborately prescribed.


Written Constitution-

In a federation there should be a written Constitution. The written Constitution is very essential for a federal so that whenever there is any dispute between the federal government and the federating units, it can be use as a evidence.

Largest Constitution -
In sheer physical terms our Constitution is definitely the largest, bulkiest and most detailed constitution in the World. As originally passed, it contained 395 Articles and 8 schedules.Whereas, the constitution of U.S.A. originally contained 7 Articles, Canada 147 Articles, and Australia 128 Articles.

Sovereign, Democratic & Republic:
A sovereign nation is initially supreme and independent of any outside control. The word socialist aims at the establishment of an egalitarian society in India. The term 'secular' means a state which has no official religion. The best definition of Democracy was given by Abraham Lincoln that, "it is a government by the people, of the people and for the people." The word republic signifies that the Head of our state is elected and not hereditary.

Secular State :

A salient feature of the Constitution was its emphasis on secularism. People are not discriminated on the basis of religion. All citizens enjoy freedom of worship and possess equal civil and political rights irrespective of their religious beliefs. The State does not have a religion of its own.
Under the 42nd amendment this word 'Secular' has been included in the preamble of our constitution. Thus, India has been now officially become a secular state.

Parliamentary type of Government:
In a parliamentary type of government the Head of the State is nominal, whereas the Prime Minister who is the leader of the majority in the Parliament is the real executive.The Indian constitution establishes in India a parliamentary type of government on the British Model.

Partly Unitary and partly Federal:
India's constitution has been variously described as quasi-federal, federal with a strong unitary or pro-centre bias, federal in structure but unitary in spirit, federal in normal times but with possibilities of being converted into a purely unitary one during emergency.

Partly Rigid & partly Flexible:
There are certain provisions which can be amended by a simple majority in the [parliament. While there are certain provisions whose amendment requires not only a special majority in Parliament but also ratification by at least one-half of the state legislature.

Fundamental Rights
Under Indian Constitution as originally enacted, the citizen of India had been granted the seven fundamental rights.A full chapter has been devoted to the description of these fundamental lrights running into 24 articles. These rights are mentioned in part III of the constitution and are justiciable.

Fundamental Duties:
The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution added a new part to the constitution under the heading Fundamental Duties. It lays down a code of ten duties for all the citizens of India.

DPSP:
The Directive Principle of State Policy concept has been borrowed from the constitution of Ireland. These principles are contained in part IV of our Constitution. The aim of these principles is to establish a welfare state in India on the socialistic pattern of society.


Independent Judiciary:
The Constitution has made the judiciary independent of the executive. The President of India appoints the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts after consulting the Chief Justice of India. The judges are free from the executive control. Their tenure is guaranteed and their salaries are fixed by the Constitution.
 The Indian constitution provides for an independent judiciary. The constitution made the supreme court as the custodian and protector of the constitution.The judgement of the supreme court are legally binding and there is no appeal against the judgement of the Supreme Court.


Single Citizenship:
The constitution of India grants only one citizenship to all citizens. In a federation sometimes a citizen gets double citizenship, one of the Union and the other of State in which a person lives.

Universal Adult Franchise:
The Indian constitution originally granted universal adult franchise to all those men and women, who attained the age of 21 years.
Under the 61st amendment6 of the Indian Constitution the age of voting has been reduced from 21 to 18 years.

Official Language of India:
A provision was made in our constitution to declare Hindi in the Devanagiri script as the official language of India. Till that time English was to continue as the official language.


Bicameral Legislature:
Bicameral Legislature was constituted at the Centre as well as in some of the States. The members of the Lower House are directly elected by the people on the basis of the adult franchise. The life of the lower House is 5 years unless it is dissolved earlier. The members of the Upper House are indirectly elected for a period of 6 years. The Upper House is a permanent body, one third of its members retiring every two years.

Refrences:

http://www.indianetzone.com/51/salient_features_indian_constitution.htm

http://www.indiansocialstudy.com/2008/11/salient-features-of-indian-constitution.html